Art Criticism: Theories and Approaches in the Modern Era

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive exploration of art criticism's evolution in the modern era, tracing the development of influential theories and approaches that have shaped contemporary art analysis. From formalist critiques that focus on visual elements to contextual critiques that engage with historical, cultural, and political influences, art criticism has diversified to address the multifaceted nature of modern art. Key theories, such as formalism, psychoanalysis, Marxism, feminism, and postmodernism, each offer unique perspectives, contributing to a rich field where art can be appreciated, questioned, and deconstructed. This paper examines each approach's principles, key proponents, and impact on art criticism today. Through tables, charts, and graphs, this analysis contextualizes major movements in art criticism and highlights shifts in critical focus, offering a nuanced understanding of how critical theory informs art interpretation.